Table 4 HIFU Technical parameters

Xiong, 2001 [53]

FEB-BY01 HIFU System

N/A

N/A

input power: 1–2 kW

pulsed

9.5 average, max 15

Xu, 2003 [54]

FEB-BY01 HIFU System

N/A

N/A

input power: 1–2 kW

pulsed

6.5 average, max 12

Yuan, 2003 [55]

FEB-BY01 HIFU System

effective treatment depth 3.5–14.0 cm; practice focused sphere 0.3 × 0.3 × 0.8 cm; effective focused sphere of 0.6 × 0.6 × 0.6 cm

N/A

1–2 kW

pulsed

40 patients received in total more than 280 HIFU treatments (2–4 times for smaller tumour focus)

Gu, 2004 [21]

FEB-BY01 HIFU System

depth of effective therapy 2–15 cm; actual focus measurement 0.3 × 0.3 × 0.8 cm; effective focus of 0.6 × 0.6 × 1 cm

N/A

1–2 kW average: 1.5 kW

pulsed

6 average (range 3–14)

Li, 2004 [22]

FEB-BY02 HIFU System

effective therapy depth of 2–15 cm; practice focused sphere of 0.3 × 0.3 × 0.8 cm; effective focused sphere 0.6 × 0.6 × 1 cm

N/A

1–2 kW

pulsed

8.4 average (range 5–12). Patients with abdominal and back pain got abdominal ganglion treatment 1–2 times per patient

Wu, 2005 [32]

Model-JC HIFU System

12 cm diameter; focal length 13.5 cm; focal region: 9.8 mm along beam axis, 1.3 mm in transverse direction

0.8 MHz; Acoustic focal peak intensity: 10 to 15 kW/cm2

N/A

continuous

1.5 average (2 patients had 2 sessions, 6 patients had 1 session)

Xie, 2008 [56]

HIFUNIT-9000 HIFU System

effective therapy depth: 17 cm; focused sphere: 0.3 × 0.3 × 0.8 cm

1 MHz

maximum output power: 600 W in the study: 200–300 W

continuous

4.25 average (range 2–8)

Xiong, 2009 [44]

FEB-BY HIFU System

overall aperture 37 cm; focal length 26 cm; -6 dB focal dimensions: 0.8 cm in length, 0.3 cm in diameter

1.04 MHz

250–430 W

pulsed

4–10 sessions

Zhao, 2010 [45]

HIFUNIT-9000 HIFU System

effective therapy depth 2–15 cm; practice focused sphere 0.3 × 0.3 × 1 cm

N/A

Input power: 3 kW/cm2

continuous

Gemcitabine on days 1, 8 and 15, and multiple HIFU sessions on days 1, 3 and 5. The combined treatment repeated every 28 days

Orsi, 2010 [57]

Model-JC HIFU System

20 cm diameter; focal length 15 cm

0.8 MHz

200–400 W

continuous

single session

Wang, 2011 [33]

Model-JC HIFU System

20 cm diameter, focal length 13.5 cm; focal region: 8 mm along beam axis, 1.5 mm in transverse direction

0.85 MHz

mean power range: 117–388 W median: 247 W

continuous

single session

Sung, 2011 [35]

Model-JC HIFU System

20 cm diameter; system operated by using one of several therapeutic transducers with focusing lengths that varied from 9 to 16 cm (13.7 cm focusing length most used in the study)

0.8 MHz (either 0.8 or 1.6 MHz for each focal length, but 0.8 most commonly used)

140–240 W (200 W most commonly used)

continuous

single session

Orgera, 2011 [58]

Model-JC HIFU System

diameter 20 cm; focal length 15 cm

0.8 MHz

60–400 W

continuous

single session

Li, 2012 [59]

FEB-BY02 HIFU System

aperture of 37 cm; focal distance 25.5 cm; focus has a 6 dB beam width of 1.6 mm and an axial length of 1 cm; effective therapy depth 2-15 cm

1 MHz

400–1000 W mean: 586 +/- 78.4 W

pulsed

1.2 average (19 patients had 1 session, 6 patients had 2 sessions)

Gao, 2013 [60]

Model-JC HIFU System

diameter 20 cm; focal length 13.5 cm

0.85 MHz

N/A

continuous

33 patients had 1 session, 4 patients had 2 sessions, and others more than 2 sessions

Anzidei, 2014 [24]

ExAblate 2100; InSightec

diameter 12 cm; radius of curvature 16 cm; focal distance 6–20 cm

0.95–1.35 MHz

N/A

single session

Sofuni, 2014 [61]

FEB-BY02 HIFU System

aperture of the ultrasound array 37 cm; radius of curvature 25.5 cm

1.1 MHz

input electric power: 0.5–2 kW

pulsed

2.7+/-0.1 SD

Marinova, 2016a [23]

Model-JC HIFU System

20 cm diameter; focal length 15 cm

0.8 MHz

range: 80–400 W average: 344 +/-72 W (200–400)

continuous

single session

Li YJ, 2016 [34]

N/A

N/A

0.8 MHz

300 W

N/A

N/A

Li X, 2016 [49]

Model-JC HIFU System

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

single session

Strunk, 2016 [62]

Model-JC HIFU System

diameter 20 cm; focal length 15 cm

0.8 MHz

200–400 W

continuous

single session

Lv, 2016 [48]

JC200 HIFU System

focus 14.7 cm

0.97 MHz

average: 350 W

continuous

single treatment expected, but additional treatments can be added when necessary

Marinova, 2016b [36]

Model-JC HIFU System

diameter 20 cm; focal length 15 cm

0.8 MHz

N/A

continuous

single session