Table 1 Characteristics of the included studies on HIFU therapy in pancreatic cancer
From: A meta-analysis of palliative treatment of pancreatic cancer with high intensity focused ultrasound
Author, Date | Type of Study | Number of total patients | Age (mean,*median) | Tumor Characteristics (#pt) | Image guidance | Treatment | HIFU Device | Other associated treatments (#pt) | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Stage | Location | Size | ||||||||
Xiong, 2001 [53] | N/A | 21 | 54 | Stage III (12) Stage IV (9) | Head (8) Tail (13) | 10x8x6 cm - 4x3x2 cm | US | HIFU | Pulsed wave HIFU, FEB-BY01 HIFU System | Failed surgery (5) Bile duct enterostomy (5) |
Xu, 2003 [54] | N/A | 37 | 62 | Stage III (28) Stage IV (9) | Head (21) Body/Tail (11) Tail (5) | 7x8x8 cm - 2x2x2 cm | US | HIFU | Pulsed wave HIFU, FEB-BY01 HIFU System | Enterocholecystotomy (21) |
Yuan, 2003 [55] | N/A | 40 | 64 | N/A | Head (29) Body (8) Tail (3) | Average 5.4 cm, range 3.0–7.8 cm | US | HIFU | Pulsed wave HIFU, FEB-BY01 HIFU System | Obstructive jaundice surgically addressed prior to HIFU (20) |
Gu, 2004 [21] | Retrospective | 45 (38 treated) | 55.5 | Stage II (5) Stage III (30) Stage IV (10) | Head (20) Body (11) Tail (6) Head and Body (4) Tail and Body (3) | Tumor volume average 30–360 mm3 | US | HIFU | Pulsed wave HIFU, FEB-BY01 HIFU System | Exploratory surgery (24) Bile duct enterostomy (22) |
Li, 2004 [22] | N/A | 102 (10 pancreatic cancers) | 61 | N/A | N/A | N/A | US | HIFU+ Chemotherapy | Pulsed wave HIFU, FEB-BY01 HIFU System | Chemotherapy |
Wu, 2005 [32] | Prospective | 8 | 62 | Stage III (3) Stage IV (5) | Body (2) Head and Body (2) Tail and Body (4) | Diameter of primary tumor mean 5.89x5.40Â cm | US | HIFU | Continuous wave HIFU, Model-JC HIFU System | Exploratory surgery (2) Chemotherapy (2) Local radiation therapy (1) IV Somatostatin (8) |
Xie, 2008 [56] | N/A | 16 | 50 | N/A | N/A | N/A | US | HIFU | Continuous wave HIFU, HIFUNIT-9000 HIFU System | Chemotherapy (7) |
Xiong, 2009 [44] | Retrospective | 89 | 65 | Stage II (4) Stage III (39) Stage IV (46) | Head (34) Tail and/or Body (55) | N/A | US | HIFU | Pulsed wave HIFU, FEB-BY01 HIFU System | Chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy before HIFU (39) Chemotherapy concurrent with HIFU (5) Biliary stent or surgery (26) |
Zhao, 2010 [45] | Retrospective | 39 (37 assessed) | 55 | Stage IIa (3) Stage IIb (5) Stage III (31) | Body (12) Head (27) | Longest diameter median 3.4 cm (range 1.7–8.5 cm) | US | HIFU+ Chemotherapy | Continuous wave HIFU, HIFUNIT-9000 HIFU System | Endoscopic biliary drainage with plastic stent (9) Percutaneous biliary drainage (4) |
Orsi, 2010 [57] | Prospective | 31 (6 pancreatic cancers) | 64 | N/A | N/A | N/A | US | HIFU | Continuous wave HIFU, Model-JC HIFU System | Chemotherapy and radiotherapy (6) |
Wang, 2011 [33] | Prospective | 40 | 57* | Stage III (13) Stage IV (27) | Head (9) Tail and/or Body (31) | Tumor size range 2–10 cm, median tumor size 4.3 cm | US | HIFU | Continuous wave HIFU, Model-JC HIFU System | Chemotherapy (28) Chemotherapy + radiotherapy (7) IV Somatostatin (40) Biliary bypass procedure (2) Endoscopic stenting (2) Cholecystojejunostomy (2) |
Sung, 2011 [35] | Prospective | 46 | 61 | Stage III (18) Stage IV (28) | Head (17) Tail and/or Body (25) Tail (4) | Mean 4.2 +/- 1.4 cm, range 1.6–9.3 cm | US | HIFU | Continuous wave HIFU, Model-JC HIFU System | Pre HIFU Chemotherapy (20) (1 pt Surgical Resection) Chemoradiation therapy (10) Radiation therapy (3) After HIFU Chemotherapy (29) Chemoradiation (1) Duodenal stent (1) |
Orgera, 2011 [58] | Prospective | 22 (3 pancreatic cancers) | 61 | N/A | N/A | N/A | US | HIFU | Continuous wave HIFU, Model-JC HIFU System | Chemotherapy + radiotherapy (6) Alcohol ablation before HIFU (1) |
Li, 2012 [59] | Retrospective | 25 | 60 | Stage III (12) Stage IV (23) | Head (7) Tail and/or Body (18) | N/A | US | HIFU | Pulsed wave HIFU, FEB- BY02 HIFU System | None |
Gao, 2013 [60] | Prospective | 39 | 58* | N/A | Head (7) Tail and/or Body (32) | N/A | US | HIFU | Continuous wave HIFU, Model-JC HIFU System | Chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy before HIFU (10) Chemotherapy concurrent with HIFU (25) |
Anzidei, 2014 [24] | Prospective | 7 (6 treated) | 67 | Stage III (7) | Body (7) | Tumor volume mean 20 +/- 5.6Â mL | MRI | HIFU | ExAblate 2100; InSightec | Chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy before HIFU (7) Previous failed celiac plexus alcoholization (7) Continued chemotherapy after HIFU (7) |
Sofuni, 2014 [61] | Prospective | 30 | 64 | Stage III (16) Stage IV (14) | Head (13) Unicinate (4) Body (9) Tail (1) Other (3) | Tumor size mean 31.7 +/- 1.7Â mm | US | HIFU | Pulsed wave HIFU, FEB- BY01 HIFU System | Pre HIFU Operation (3) Chemotherapy (28) Radiation therapy (4) Interventional radiology (5) After HIFU Chemotherapy (24) Operation (2) Intervention radiology (5) |
Marinova, 2016a [23] | Prospective | 13 | 66.2 | Stage III (5) Stage IV (8) | Body (12) Tail and/or Body (4) Head and Body (5) | Tumor volume range 12.6–61.8 mL, mean 34.3 +/- 17.9 mL | US | HIFU | Continuous wave HIFU, Model-JC HIFU System | Chemotherapy previous and concurrent with HIFU (10) Radiotherapy and surgery (1) Non therapeutic laparotomy (5) Plastic or metal stents for cholestasis (2) Percutaneous biliary drainage (1) |
Li YJ, 2016 [34] | Prospective | 16 | 62.3 | N/A | Head (9) Body (7) | Mean max diameter 3.7Â cm | US | HIFU+ Radiotherapy | N/A | N/A |
Li X, 2016 [49] | Retrospective | 120 (61 treated with HIFU) | 50.13 | N/A | Head (31) Other (30) | N/A | US | HIFU+ Chemotherapy | Continuous wave HIFU, Model-JC HIFU System | N/A |
Strunk, 2016 [62] | Prospective | 15 | 66.9 | Stage III (6) Stage IV (9) | Head/Body (3) Body (5) Head (7) | N/A | US | HIFU | Continuous wave HIFU, Model-JC HIFU System | Pre HIFU Chemotherapy (13) Non therapeutic laparotomies (5) Surgery radiotherapy (1) Radiotherapy (2) Concurrent chemotherapy (13) Biliary drainage (4) |
Lv, 2016 [48] | Prospective Randomized | 45 (23 treated with HIFU) | 59 | Stage III (29) Stage IV (16) | Head (22) Tail and Body (23) | Tumor size range 8.1x7.5x5.8–2.6x2.5x1.8 cm | US | HIFU+ Chemotherapy | Continuous wave HIFU, JC200 HIFU System | N/A |
Marinova, 2016b [36] | Prospective | 20 | 68 | Stage III (6) Stage IV (12) | N/A | Tumor volume 35.2 +/- 18.6Â mL | US | HIFU | Continuous wave HIFU, Model-JC HIFU System | Concurrent chemotherapy (16) Chemotherapy after HIFU (2) Metal or plastic bile duct stent (6) |