Table 3 Parameter comparison for the clinical prototype for displacing renal calculi, shockwave lithotripsy, and diagnostic ultrasound
From: Focused ultrasound to displace renal calculi: threshold for tissue injury
Device | Fc(MHz) | Pulse duration(μs) | Duty cycle | P+(MPa) | P-(MPa) | ISPPA.3(W/cm2) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Clinical lithotripter | 0.5 | 5 | 0.001 for 60 min | 37–115 | -10 | 20,000 |
Diagnostic US | 2 | 1 | 0.01–1 continuous | 4 | 3 | 190 |
Clinical simulation | 2 | 100 | 3.3% in 1 s bursts | 20 | -10 | 2,400 |
Injury threshold | 2 | 100 | 3.3% for 10 min | 96 | -16 | 16,620 |