Figure 5

A typical example of temperature in PSNE-containing gel phantom with and without a vaporization pulse. A polyacrylamide gel phantom containing PSNE (volume fraction of 0.012%) was sonicated with VP (solid line) or NVP1 (dashed line) exposure conditions (see Table 1). The thermocouple was located 0.63 mm off axis laterally, where the acoustic pressure was 67% of the pressure at the focus. Ultrasound was transmitted continuously at an intensity of 550 W/cm² between t = 0 s and t = 15 s. Vaporization of PSNE significantly accelerated heating in the gel phantom as compared to phantoms with unvaporized PSNE.