Fig. 3

Temporal pattern of ultrasound delivery, modeled after the optical stimulation pattern of Gibson et al. The optical protocol delivered light twenty times per second, with each pulse of light lasting 25 milliseconds (ms), for a total of 30 s. Each 30-s long period of pulsed stimulation preceded a 90-s long period of no stimulation. These on-off periods of light exposure lasted a total of 30 min per day, applied for five contiguous days. We modified this protocol to application of ultrasound by using pulsed ultrasound during each of 19-ms long time periods, followed by 31 ms of no ultrasound, rather than continual light for 25 ms followed by 25 ms of no light. The figure here shows 20 ultrasound pulses applied during each 19 ms time period, each pulse lasting 200 microseconds