Fig. 1

Overview of transcranial MRgFUS setup, treatment images, and reconstruction model. a During MRgFUS treatment, the patient’s head is immobilized in the transducer and circulating water bath. b The water bath signal exhibits random dynamic changes during sonication (arrow indicates sonication target in gel phantom). c The proposed spatially-segmented reconstruction model for undersampled brain MRgFUS, which separately estimates a water bath image without a baseline, and a temperature map in the brain with a baseline. In the proposed method, undersampled dynamic data are reconstructed using the k-space hybrid method in the brain and a conjugate gradient (CG) method in the water bath