Table 2 A comparison of treatment, complications and efficacy between different HIFU studies
From: High intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) ablation of benign thyroid nodules – a systematic review
First author (year) | No. of nodules | Nodule volume (mL) | Type of device and probe | Total amount of DIAE to each nodule (KJ) | Treatment time (minutes) | Complications | Efficacy (% reduction from baseline) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Esnault (2011) [15] | 22 | 0.5–2.6 | US-guided HIFU/3 MHz extracorporeal probe | 35–94 J/pulsea | Pain, skin burn, cough, blisters | Feasibility study. Ablated nodules were examined on histology after 2 weeks | |
Korkusuz (2014) [19] | 10 | Median: 3.19 (range: 0.8–7.67) | US-guided HIFU/3 MHz extracorporeal probe | Median: 8.4 (range: 5.65–12.46) | Not reported | Pain | Not reported |
Korkusuz (2015) [21] | 9 | Median: 3.5 (range: 0.8–7.7) | US-guided HIFU/3 MHz extracorporeal probe | Median: 9.9 (range: 5.7–12.5) | Median: 62 (range: 42–96) | Pain during treatment, reddening of skin | Median: 48.8 (range: 11.4–75.0) at 3-month |
Korkusuz (2015) [22] | 12 | Median: 3.4 (range: 0.6–5.0) | US-guided HIFU/3 MHz extracorporeal probe | - | - | None reported | Median: 55 at 3-month |
20 | Mean: 4.96 ± 2.79 (range: 1.56–9.35) | US-guided HIFU/3 MHz extracorporeal probe | Mean: 16.4 ± 7.7 (range: 5.5–31.7) | Mean: 86.8 ± 31.7 (range: 37–152) | Subcutaneous edema, skin redness | Mean: 48.7 ± 24.3 at 6-month (after single ablation) | |
Lang (2017) [24] | 22 | Mean: 6.98 ± 4.04 (range: 1.68–16.76) | US-guided HIFU/3 MHz extracorporeal probe | Mean: 15.17 ± 6.90 (range 5.88–28.35) | Mean: 75.71 ± 34.20 (range: 48.75 153.25) | Pain, skin redness, minor neck swelling | Mean: 68.87 ± 15.27 at 12-month (following single ablation) |