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Table 1 Some mechanic, acoustic, and thermal properties of Sawbones® phantoms and cortical bone

From: Assessing heating distribution by therapeutic ultrasound on bone phantoms and in vitro human samples using infrared thermography

Physical property

Sawbones®

Cortical bone

Density (kg/m3)

1700a

1810b

Tensile strength (ultimate) (MPa)

90a

124b

Modulus of elasticity (GPa)

12.4a

17.6b

Acoustic longitudinal velocity (m/s)

3300c

4200c

Acoustic transverse velocity (m/s)

1600c

2000c

Acoustic attenuation (dB/cm MHz)

5.7–6.2d

1–10e

Specific heat (J/kg °C)

1.25d

1.25f

Thermal conductivity (W/m K)

0.47d

0.31f

  1. aInformation provided by the manufacturer
  2. bRef [36]
  3. cRef [22]
  4. dMeasured by our laboratory
  5. eRef [37]
  6. fRef [29, 30]