Table 1 A typical clinical protocol for SPGR-based temperature mapping and showing SPGR and EPI sequence parameters used for experimental evaluation in this study

Plane

Sagittal/axial

Sagittal/axial/coronal

Sagittal/axial/coronal

Mode

2D

2D

2D

Protocol

SPGR, seq-fast-MPh

SPGR, seq-fast-MPh

Gradient echo EPI, fast-MPh

FOV

350 mm

350 mm

350 mm

Slice thickness

3.0 mm

4.7 mm

4.7 mm

Frequency direction

S/I (sagittal), R/L (axial)

S/I (coronal, sagittal), R/L (axial)

S/I (coronal, sagittal), R/L (axial)

Frequency resolution

256

144

144

Phase resolution

128

144

144

TE

13.3 ms

13.3 ms

13.0 ms

Flip angle

30°

30°

30°

Receiver bandwidth

±5.68 kHz

±15.63 kHz

±62.5 kHz

TR

27.0 ms

26.2 ms

235 ms

Echo train length

n/a

n/a

16

Ramp sampling

n/a

n/a

Off

Receive coil

Body

Body

Body

Multi-phase delay time

0.05 s

2 s (default)

0.5 s (default)

No. of phase images

5

5

5