Fig. 1

Coagulation threshold temperatures versus heating exposure time for blood and blood constituents (data taken from Pfefer et al., [4]). Other tissue coagulation criteria are included for comparison. For whole blood, the H _th = 4.4 J/cm² curve was deemed the most valid experimentally. Red dots on the curves show 30 s (DBAC maximum dose time objective) exposure points and the corresponding coagulation temperature threshold target ranges (horizontal dotted lines)