Figure 3

Experimental setups for ultrasound treatment of cultured cells. (a) The ultrasound transducer (T) is positioned directly below a culture well containing the cells (S). Acoustic gel is used to couple between the transducer and the well. (b) Degassed water is used to couple between the transducer and the sample. An ultrasound absorber (UA) is used to prevent the reflection of the ultrasound waves. (c) Similar to setup B however with a variation in orientation. (d) The ultrasound transducer is inserted into the well. This setup is typically used for small samples in 24- or 96-well plates (reprinted with permission from [29]).